Kawir Palace Offers Architectural Insights into Makkah's Enduring Heritage

The city of Makkah features numerous historical landmarks that reflect its urban development and architectural uniqueness. Among these is Kawir Palace, also known as Biban Palace, one of the oldest and most notable historical palaces. It embodies authentic architectural elements and symbolizes the social and cultural diversity of the early 20th century, serving as a model of local architecture connected to social changes in Makkah.
 Owned by a local merchant nicknamed "Kawir" due to his trade in limestone quarrying, a prevalent building material, the palace's architecture and strategic location in Makkah's prominent Biban area highlight its significance. The palace was built between 1910 and 1920 and sits on a hill overlooking the historic Biban area, offering panoramic views.
 The construction utilized local materials and techniques, including local stone for the foundation, limestone for wall insulation, and clay, wood, and gypsum for interiors. Indian teak wood was used for some doors and windows, while the facades featured carved wooden windows (roshan) and geometric motifs. The ceilings showcased handmade gypsum decorations, reflecting local craftsmanship. The palace comprises five floors, featuring spacious halls, reception areas, and internal courtyards for ventilation.
 The palace offers valuable architectural lessons, particularly in the integration of form and function. Traditional methods provided solutions for ventilation, privacy, and thermal insulation, emphasizing local identity over imported styles. After restoration, the palace could serve as a museum of traditional Makkah architecture, a community cultural center, or a luxury heritage guesthouse for experiential tourism.